Normal topical wind pattern over the year will have the following periods of wind:
| High wind |
8-12 m/s
12-20 m/s |
800 hrs
100 hrs |
| Low wind |
0-3 m/s
3-6 m/s |
600 hrs
1060 hrs |
| Average wind |
6-8 m/s |
6200 hrs |
Total average 6.5 m/sec in 8,760 hours per year
For high penetration we define a wind capacity at approximately 130-150% of engine power related to consumption.
This will give approximately 70-80% yearly wind penetration and fuel saving. Without low load unit the fuel saving would be reduced with 10% The payback time of the low load unit is around one year. The energy recovering with battery systems will have 40% lower efficiency caused by loading/charging of the battery. The typical payback on a battery system can be up to 10 years.
| 10% surplus wind energy |
110% wind energy - engine stopped |
| 20% without surplus wind energy |
up to 70% wind energy |
| 70% with low load diesel operation |
up to 100% +10% / -30% |
By utilising waste diesel energy and surplus wind energy for fresh water, central heating and others the wind penetration can be raised up to 80-90%. See fig. 1 and 2 below.
Fig. 1. Coherence between yearly wind penetration and
wind turbine capacity of maximum consumption in percent
Fig. 2 Prices for kilowatt-hours at 150% wind capacity
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